ADVANCEMENTS IN LIPID-BASED DELIVERY SYSTEMS: ENHANCING BIOAVAILABILITY AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF DIETARY LIPIDS; A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Background:
Lipid-Based delivery systems (LBDS) are novel systems developed for improving the bioavailability, stability and bioactivity of lipid-soluble nutrients, such as the omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins. In particular, these systems (i.e. liposomes, nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions) target major issues of poor solubility, digestion instability, and absorption to improve the therapeutic potency of bioactive lipids.
Methodology:
A systematic search of the literature was carried out using several databases (PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar) targeting peer-reviewed articles published during the past 5-10 years on each of the aspects highlighted in this narrative review. Search terms included: lipid-based delivery systems, bioavailability, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and nanoparticles. The selected studies were relevant and robust, and the limited number of more innovative encapsulation technologies and their effects on bioavailability. The synthesized data were organized around themes, including formulation techniques, hurdles related to stability, and future clinical applications.
Results:
Lipid delivery systems have shown great potential to improve the solubility, stability, and targeted delivery of bioactive lipids. Liposomes have been especially effective in protecting sensitive materials, while nanoemulsions have shown greater improvements in solubility. Still, challenges remain, among them high production costs, scalability issues, and variability in patient responses. Such systems could have applications in personalized nutrition and precision medicine, particularly for targeted delivery and improved therapeutic effects.
Conclusion:
Lipid-based delivery mechanisms present a compelling approach for enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of lipophilic nutrients. Nevertheless, additional investigation is requisite to tackle issues related to scalability, economic feasibility, and regulatory hurdles to comprehensively actualize their potential within the realms of nutraceuticals and individualized medicine.
Keywords:
Bioavailability, Lipid based delivery systems, Liposomes, Micro/Nano-emulsions, Nanoparticles